我国原有近 6000 项食品及相关产业标准，食品标准间存在交叉、重复、矛盾问题，根据《食品安全法》及其实施条例和《食品安全标准国家标准“十二五”规划》要求，我国先后开展了乳品标准（2009～2010）、食品安全基础标准以及其他食品标准（2012～2015）的清理整合工作 ，截止 2016 年底形成了覆盖基础标准、产品标准、规范标准、方法标准的四类 979 项食品安全国家标准， 初步搭建了我国食品安全国家标准体系。 但是，在近几年的实践应用中，也发现一些新问题和新矛盾。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66); font-size: 18px;">2、食品安全国家标准的编写不符合标准
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">比如portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：《portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">植物portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">油portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">料portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">卫生标准portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">》（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">GB19641-2005portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">），portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">对应英文词portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">Hygienic standard for oil seedsportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">术语和portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">定义 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3.1 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">霉变粒 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">moldy kernlportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。《portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">安portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">全国家标准食用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">植物portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">油portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">料portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">》（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">GB 19641-2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">），portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">没portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有英文译名portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
术语和定义 2.1 霉变粒，没有对应英文词。 造成食品安全国家标准的编写既不符合标准， 也不方便与国际标准的一致性程度标识。
（2）产品标准如包含了 6.4～6.9 的全部技术要素，可用产品名称作为标准名称。
目前，国家卫计委已发布的 50 项食品产品标准中，如《食品安全国家标准蜂蜜》、《食品安全国家标准豆制品》等，实际上只有技术要求（6.5），规定了部分必要要求，是非完整的产品标准。 50 项食品产品标准缺乏分类、标记和编码、取样、试验方法、检验规则和标志、标签和随行文件。
考虑食品标准修订需要一个逐步过程， 国家食药总局食品安全抽检实施细则（2016 年版）可以替代取样，试验方法直接对应在检测项目中，依然缺乏检验规则、原（辅）材料入库检验、出厂检验、型式检验、组批、判定规则等，在标准使用过程中存在困难和问题。
如食品生产许可现场核查要求必须提交试制产品检验合格报告， 然而， 非食品安全标准检验项目如何确定，基层单位很难统一掌控。 湖南省发布的《湿米粉生产许可审查细则》， 明确湿米粉质量检验 16 项指标， 规定了发证检验、监督检验和出厂检验的项目。
（3）食品分类系统繁多，食品类别定位比较混乱。
依据《食品生产许可管理办法》 第十一条， 所有食品分为 31 个类别。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">《portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">添portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">加portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">剂使portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">用标准portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">》（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">GB2760-2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">附录 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">E portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">把portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分为 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">16portant; 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line-height: 2em;">10 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">大类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。 《portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">污染物限量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">》（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">GB2762-2012portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">附录 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">A portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">把portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">品 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分 为 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">22 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">大 类 portant; 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line-height: 2em;">分为 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">27 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">大类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，《portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品中致portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">病菌限portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">》（portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">GB29921-2013portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">把portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分为 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">11 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">大类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
总之，“一个管理办法，五个基础标准”，食品类别仅适用于本标准，造成食品分类没有统一标准，只能按照对应标准里的分类执行。 食品分类系统中的定位比较混乱，生产实践争议不断。 如年糕产品，有的机构作为糕点，有的机构作为粮食加工品，食品添加剂的适用范围有争议。
（4）快检标准方法法律地位尴尬
食品快检方法具有快速、简便、准确、灵敏和价廉特点，检测范围包括：非法添加物、农药残留、兽药残留、生物毒素、食品添加剂、食品微生物、重金属和品质指标等 8 个方面。 从法律层面来看，2015 年新修订的 《食品安全法》 第八十八条规定，“采用国家规定的快速检测方法对食用农产品进行抽查检测，被抽查人对检测结果有异议的，可以自收到检测结果时起4h 内申请复检。 复检不得采用快速检测方法。
”第一百一十二条规定，“…可以采用国家规定的快速检测方法对食品进行抽查检测。 对抽查检测结果表明可能不符合食品安全标准的食品，应当依照本法第八十七条的规定进行检验。 ”明确规定“抽查检测结果确定有关食品不符合食品安全标准的， 可以作为行政处罚的依据。 ”从标准管理方式来看，原卫生部、质检总局、 商务部和粮食局等部门， 发布 10 项快检方法国家标准、110 项快检方法行业标准和 30 项快检方法地方标准。
在实践中，采用快检标准方法对食用农产品检验出阳性样品，只是一个初步筛查结果，还需要实验室确认。 糕点面包等保质期短的食品微生物检验，结果出来时食品已经过期了，失去了检验的意义。 当前，基层急需具有实用价值、严谨标准的快速检测国家食品安全标准，以避免快检标准方法尴尬的法律地位。
（5）食品补充检验方法缺乏
原卫生部公布了食品中可能违法添加的 47 种非食用物质名单和食品中可能滥用的 22 种食品添加剂品种名单，各级食药部门在日常监管、投诉举报、案件查办中也发现了一些食品安全问题或隐患，但是，许多项目没有食品安全国家标准检验方法。
为配合打击食品安全领域“潜规则”，食药部门正在积极组织技术力量研制食品补充检验方法。 食品安全标准是强portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">制执行的标准portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">除食品安全标准外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">不得制定其他食品强制性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">标准portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">按照portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">《portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">标准化法portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">》portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">的分类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食药部门制定的食品补portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">充检验方法属于行业标准portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">食品检验机构采用食品补充检验方portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">法对涉案的食品进行检验portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">检验结果仅作为定罪量刑的参考portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(217, 33, 66); font-size: 18px;">3、针对以上问题，特提出以下工作对策
（1）健全食品安全标准问题会商机制。 食药部门应当建立与同级卫计部门以及单位内部标准问题会商机制和制度，就标准立项、制修订落实会商议定事项，及时研究解决标准相关问题。
（2）加强食品安全标准问题收集反馈。 食药部门要建立健全食品安全标准应用实施信息收集反馈工作机制， 对公布的标准征求意见稿进行认真研究，积极反馈。
（3）加强食品安全标准贯彻实施。 新食品安全标准实施之前， 各级卫计委和食药部门应当编辑制作标准培训教材和影像资料，利用现代信息化技术加大食品安全标准的宣贯力度。严格按照食品安全标准开展食品生产加工、 经营和餐饮环节的食品安全监管工作， 督促食品生产经营者按照食品安全标准组织生产，切实落实。
（4）加强标准人才队伍建设。 依托国家级和重点省级食品安全技术机构，推动建立标准研制核心实验室，加强技术部研发储备。 建立健全标准工作激励机制，加强对国际标准的跟踪学习，加强对技术骨干选拨培养，逐步提高标准工作能力。
