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微生物检验与食品安全!

   2018-02-06 食品实验室服务公众号512
核心提示:portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">食品微生物检验的必要性随着人
 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">食品微生物检验的必要性

随着人们生活水平的提高,食品安全逐渐为政府和民众所重视,在食品安全中,微生物污染造成的食品源疾病仍是世界食品安全中最突出的问题。加工食品过程中,病菌常常会随原料生产、成品的加工、包装与制品贮运进入食品中,造成食品污染,影响消费者的饮食安全。因此,食品微生物检验工作对评价食品卫生质量,保证消费饮食卫生有着极为重要的作用。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(54, 65, 173);">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、食品微生物检验的特殊性

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">对食品中微生物的检验需要专门的仪器和技术设施,并由受过专门训练的工作人员,负责操作进行,正是特殊的工作环境,造就了食品微生物的检验自身的特殊性。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">涉及微生物范围广,要求高。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">食品微生物检验范围相当广泛,大约包括以下几类:

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">⑴portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">引起人畜食物中毒的微生物及其毒素。如沙门氏菌,小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,黄曲霉菌,副溶血性弧菌等十几种病菌。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">⑵portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">经食物传播的病源微生物。包括人类疾病的病源微生物,畜禽疾病的病源微生物,人畜共患传染病的病源微生物。这几类微生物的种类达数百种之多。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">⑶portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">食品工业微生物。如酿造、发酵、工业用霉菌、酵母等曲种。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">除了微生物检验的范围广泛之外,食品微生物检验过程中,样品的采集也至关重要。在采集时,应对食品的原料来源,加工方法,运输,存储及销售的各个环节等在调查的基础上采集具有代表性的样品。采集过程,需做到无菌操作,采样的数量、方法应与检验目的相适应,还应兼顾采样现场的温度、湿度及卫生状况等自然条件。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">2、受检细菌数量少,干扰性大。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">食品微生物检验过程中的受检菌株,主要是生产加工,贮存运输,销售等过程中因操作不当而污染的,大量存在的是非致病性微生物,而致病性微生物数量却相对较少。此外有些致病菌在热加工,冷加工过程中受到损伤,也会使受检菌株不易检出,从而给检验工作带来许多麻烦,影响检验结果的正确得出。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">食品微生物检验需要准确、及时。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">食品在生产完成后,为了保持新鲜的程度,一般都是尽快地进入市场,转到消费者手中,这就要求检验工作尽快获得结果,这对提高产品质量,避免经济损失,保证食品食用安全起着重要作用。工厂化大规模生产的食品,每一批次数量较大,采样数量,采样方法和检验方法等都会直接影响到检验的正确性,如果检验结果不准确,将会造成严重的政治影响和经济损失。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(54, 65, 173);">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、食品微生物检验的内容

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">样品的采集和制备。它是食品微生物检验的重要部分。样品的采集既要有代表性和一致性,又要保证整个微生物检验过程在无菌操作下进行。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">细菌总数。细菌总数作为食品被污染程度的标志,可用来预测食品存放期限。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">大肠菌群。大肠菌群分布较广,人畜粪便,外界环境的污染是大肠菌群在自然界存在主要原因。大肠菌群是评价食品卫生质量的重要指标之一,也是判定被检食品能否食用的科学依据。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">霉菌毒素。很多霉菌毒素对人体有致癌作用,也可引起腹泻,呕吐等食物中毒症状。所以应对霉菌毒素进行检验。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">酵母菌。酵母菌一般不致病,有时还需要它,但在不应有它时,它却大量存在,就说明食品放置过久,有一定变质和真菌生长。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">致病菌。在实际检验中,一般是根据食品的特点,选定较有代表性的致病菌作为检测的重点,并以此来判断某种食品中有无致病菌的存在。在食品中常见致病菌有金黄色葡萄球菌,沙门氏菌,志贺氏菌等。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(54, 65, 173);">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、食品微生物检验的准确性

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">1、抽样方法要正确。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">样品的采集应具有代表性和一致性,应由专业人员根据不同产品采用不同的采集方法和数量。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">2、样品制备要及时。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">食品都有一定的贮藏期,因此制备样品和检验要及时,要依据标准。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">检验方法要合适。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">检验前必须正确选择标准依据,产品属于强制性标准的,应选用强制性标准。产品属于非强制性标准的,应选用企业执行的推荐国家标准,行业标准或企业标准。没有上述标准的,可选用企业明示的产品说明、广告、合法图纸等进行检验。选择好标准后就应依据标准规定的检验方法进行检验。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">仪器设备要精确,并正确使用和维护。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">计量器具的精确度和正确使用是保障检验结果准确的基础。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: black;">检验数据应认真记录和正确处理。



 
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