portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬的采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分级portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装和运输是进入正式贮藏或上市之前所portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">要做portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">的工作portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收和采后商品化处理主要对果品产生两个方面影响portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一个方面影响果蔬品质及耐贮性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如适期采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后的分级挑选portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">合理包装portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后病虫害控制portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后及时预冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">合理码垛等都会对果品的贮运产生一定的影响portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">另一方面影响果蔬的商品性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在商品流通领域portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">要求大小规格一致portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">外观漂亮portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装精美适当portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">确保货架时间portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">这就要求果品采后要按照一定的标准进行分级portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有的果品为使外观漂亮和延长货架期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">还须清洗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">打蜡portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以提高果实的商品性状portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬采收
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收是果蔬生产的最后一个环节portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也是采后处理的开始portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬采收成熟度与其产量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">品质和贮藏特性有着密切的关系portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">生产上成熟度的判别一般根据不同品种及其生物学特性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">生长情况portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以及气候条件portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">栽培管理等因素综合考虑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">还要从调节市场供应portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">运输和加工需要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">劳力安排等多方面确定适宜采收期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬分级
果蔬只有通过分级才能按级定价，同时便于收购、贮藏、包装、流通和销售。通过分级贮藏，采取不同贮藏技术可有效减少果蔬贮藏损失。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬的包装
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬包装是标准化portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">商品化portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">保证运输和贮藏的重要措施portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在现代商品运输中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装尤为重要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">它不仅起着保护果蔬品质和利于贮藏的作用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">而且是降低费用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">扩大销售的重要因素之一portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">运输
运输是联系产、供、销三者之间的纽带，是果蔬流通中的一个重要环节。这就要求尽量做到快装快运、放热防凉，并注意轻拿轻放，减少机械损伤。在运输过程中。应根据不同种类果蔬的特性，运输路程的长短，季节与天气变化情况，尽可能制造适宜的温度、湿度等条件，以减少果蔬在运输途中的损失。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-size: 20px;">二、预冷技术
预冷就是迅速去除果实由田间携带的热量，将产品温度降到适宜温度的过程。预冷是农产品冷链保藏运输中必不可少的环节，必须在产地采收后立即进行。若不能及时降温预冷，在运输冷藏过程中很快就会达到成熟状态，大大缩短贮藏寿命
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">自然预冷
自然预冷就是将果实放在阴凉通风的地方使其自然冷却。采收后于阴凉处放置一夜，利用夜间低温，使之自然冷却，次日气温升高前入贮。
2）风冷
风冷是使冷空气迅速流经果实周围使之冷却的一个过程。风冷可以在低温贮藏库内进行，将产品装箱。纵横堆码于库内，箱与箱之间留有空隙，冷风循环时，流经产品周围将热量带走。
风冷的另一种方式是压差通风冷却。其方法是在产品垛靠近冷却器的一侧竖立一隔板，隔板下部安装一风扇。风扇转动使隔板内外形成压力差。产品垛上面设置一覆盖物，覆盖物的一边与隔板密接，使冷空气不能从产品垛的上方通过，而要水平方向穿过包装上缝或孔在产品缝隙间流动，将其热量带走。压差通风冷却效果较好，冷却所需时间只有普通冷库通风冷却方式的1/2~1/5。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">风冷方式还有隧道式空气循环冷却portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">即产品进入隧道后以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3~5 m/sportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">的风速鼓portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">冷空气使之冷却portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">这一方法可将果实在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">~portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1.5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">内冷却到portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">50portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">比在库房内静止空气冷却快十几倍portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">产品可以装在容器中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">从隧道一端向另一端推进portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也可利用传送带运送portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">总之portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在选择预冷方式时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必须要考虑现有的设备portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">成本portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装类型portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">距离销售市场的远近以及产品本身的特性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在预冷期间要定期测量产品的温度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以判断冷却的程度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">防止温度过低产生冷害或冻害portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">造成产品在运输portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏或销售过程中变质腐烂portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-size: 20px;">三、保鲜技术要点
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">简易冷库与组装冷库管理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房清洗
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">清洗程序portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">按从上到下顺序依次进行portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">先用喷枪润湿portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">然后用鬃刷上下刷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">霉渍下来以后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">再用高压清洗机喷枪冲洗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">最后冲洗地面portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">扫出地面积水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房消毒
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒操作步骤portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所有库房在使用结束后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">及时清扫并用水冲洗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒前库内须干净portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">整洁portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库内无积水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">无杂物portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">空库预冷
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入库前portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1~2 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">将所需库缓慢降至portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃以下portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">经过预冷的果实可以一次性入库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">未经预冷的果品要分批入库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">每天入库量不超过库容的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">20%~30%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入库使库温上升不超过portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房管portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">温度
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">冷库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">满后要求portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">48 hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">内库温进入技术规范状态portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏期间要保持库温稳定portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">波动幅度不超过portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃±portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">测温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房温度可以连续或间歇测定portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般每隔portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2 hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">记录一次数据portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">测量温度的温度计精度不得大于portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">.portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">相对湿度
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①适宜湿度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">苹果贮藏期间的最适相对湿度为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">90%-95%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可用库底洒水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">水面高度不能高于垛底垫木或托盘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或加湿器加湿portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②测量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">测量湿度的仪器精度要求在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">±portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">测点选择与测温点同portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">空气环流
库房内的冷风机应最大限度地使库内空气温度均匀一致，使之带出包装内部产品新陈代谢产生二氧化碳、乙烯和其他挥发性物质。货间风速为0.25-0.5m/s。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通风换气
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏过程中要适当通风换气portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">将库内积累的乙烯portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">乙醇portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">乙醛等有害气体排出portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在库温与外界气温接近的早晨或夜间进行portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特别在贮藏前期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">产品的代谢旺盛portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">要加强通风换气portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般前期每隔一周换一次气portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">温度稳定后的中后期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">~2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">周换一次气portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出库
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏寿命
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏期间不得延长到影响苹果的销售质量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">为此portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必须定期抽检portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">发现问题及时处理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出库时质量
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">苹果经贮藏后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">其出库时的质量必须保证一定的货架寿命portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同时要求果实风味正常portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">无任何异味portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出库注意事项
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出库时若库内外温差大时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">易使果面结露portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">引起腐坏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">外界温度过高时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出库后易发生虎皮病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">故要求在库内检查portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">选果portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装并以冷藏车运输portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以保证果品货架期质量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">检查规则及检验方法
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入库检验
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入库前进行苹果质量和成熟度的检验portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">抽取样品逐项按规定检验后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以件为单位分项记录于抽检记录单上portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">每批检验完毕后计算合格率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以判定该批苹果的入库质量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏期检验
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏期间要每月抽检一次portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">抽检项目包括果实硬度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可溶性固形物含量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">生理性病害portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">侵染性病害portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失重率等并分项记录portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">若发现问题应及时处理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出库检验
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">苹果出库前除按贮藏期检验项目进行检验外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">尚需按照portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">NY5011portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">中的方法进行安全卫生指标的检测并统计好果率和损耗率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">填好出库检验记录单portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬通风库运行管理
通风贮藏库是具有良好隔热性能的永久性建筑，设置有灵活的通风系统。它以通风换气的方式，排除库内热空气，维持库内比较稳定、适宜的贮藏温度，
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">准备工作
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房及设施消毒处理通常用医用来苏水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(40%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">福尔马林portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1000portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">倍液portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">喷洒portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或硫磺熏蒸处理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">硫磺用锯末等助燃物品点燃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">用量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">10~15portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">g/portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">m3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">洒完药剂及硫磺点燃后密封库房portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2~3 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒期间原则上人不得进入库内portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特别是熏硫对人的呼吸道有较强的刺激和腐蚀作用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房消毒portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">后启动风扇通风portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1~2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">个晚上方可使用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬的采收
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">用于贮藏的果实一般要适当早采portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果实已充分长大portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">但未完全成熟portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果实质地尚硬实portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有利于贮藏和长途运输portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬采收处理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收后入贮的果实portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应在库外经一夜预冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">第二天早晨日出前入库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或早晨采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后立即入库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如果利用自然通风库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收后的果品需要在库外阴凉处存放至立冬前后入库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果实贮藏期间不宜倒箱选果portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也不宜倒垛portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">箱与箱之间摆放要留有足够缝距portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般箱与墙之间留一横拳距离portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">箱与箱之间留一纵拳距离portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以利散热和通风降温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">温度管理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①贮藏前期温度管理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">前期果实温度较高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">整个管理工作的重点是尽可能通过外界自然冷源通风降温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②贮藏中期温度管理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">北方苹果库应注意冻害并重视土层和围护结构蓄冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">当外界气温低于一portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃时可间歇通风portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或改排风方式为送风portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或白天通风portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同时靠近通风口的果箱要用麻袋portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">席子或草帘加以遮盖portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以防果蔬被冻伤portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">夹套portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分道式通风库应利用通风系统优势加强蓄冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">③贮藏后期库房管理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">重点是保冷降温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">白天注意挂好棉门帘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">关闭门窗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通气孔portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">严格保冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">防止库内外空气交流portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库房作业尽可能安排在气温偏低的早portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">晚进行portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">另外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">寒流时若气温低于库温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃以下时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">立即启动风扇通风降温portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">否则应关闭所有通风口portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">湿度管理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬通风贮藏库一般通风量越大portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库内湿度越低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特别是贮藏初期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库内相对湿度较低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬易脱水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">这时可采用在库内地面泼水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">铺细沙后泼水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">将水洒在墙壁上等方法portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">使库内相对湿度保持在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%-95%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬品质检查
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏初期库温较高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏物腐烂较多portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应经常检查腐烂情况portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">及时清除腐烂物portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏后期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">库温逐步回升portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">腐烂也将加重portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应加强对品质变化情况的检查portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以便及时确定贮藏期限portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">7、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">富士苹果贮藏技术要点
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">运作流程
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">流程中各环节要求
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①采收
套袋富士采收前15—20 d指导果农按时按要求摘袋，准确掌握成熟度及果实着色度，避免采收未成熟以及过熟果品。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②库房准备
库房清洗与消毒：库房使用前检查所有库的温、湿度检测系统，调试好制冷、加湿、气调及照明等设备，确保在果品气调贮存期间正常运行。
库内预冷：入库前一天将所需库缓慢降至所需库温。
③原料入库
入库时间控制：需入库果品要求在采后56h内进入冷库库房。
原料预冷、入库：为了尽快将原料的果心温度降至0℃，将原料及时调入原料预冷库。
限量间隔入库：每隔日单库入库量不超过1/3库容。
样果准备：原料库样果的准备与原料入库同时进行。原料入库过程对每一批(同一采购单)原料进行取样。每次从同一木箱中抽取10~15个样果。前期入库的原料每次取同等级、同规格的样果15个，分别放入15个塑料筐内，后期入库的原料每次取15个同等级、同规格样果放入15个塑料筐内。每个库每筐取样量不得少于25个。原料库入满后，将样品果筐放在靠近下观察窗的附近，以方便定期检查时取样。
④贮期管理
封库：原料库入满后。将温、湿度运行系统调整至正常运行状态并校正。每日巡检运行参数及设备运行情况，监控中发现运行指标异常，及时检测校正并做好详细记录。
质量管理：定期检测。单库每次取样量1筐样果。特别情况进库加大取样量；检测项目，糖度、硬度、病害；异常处理。发现库存异常及时反映情况并提出处理方案。
⑤果品出库：需对出库果品进行品质检测。
3）运输
成品运输采用冷柜运输，冷柜温度保持0~4℃。
8、橘子和甜橙贮藏技术要点
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏特性
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">即使同一种类柑橘的不同品种耐贮性也有差别portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如宽皮柑橘类中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">蕉柑较耐贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">砂糖橘不耐贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">槛柑耐藏性中等portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通常晚熟品种比早中熟品种耐贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">另外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柑橘果实的大小portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">结构与耐贮藏性也有密切的关系portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同一种类或同一品种的果实portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">常常是大果实不如中等大小果实耐贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特别是宽皮橘类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在贮藏过程中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">大果更容易出现枯水病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">随着果实的成熟度提高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果皮的蜡质层增厚portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有利于防止水分的蒸发和病菌的侵染portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因此portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">成熟度较低的青果往往比成熟度高的果实容易失水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">甜橙果肉相对要致密portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果皮较厚portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因此贮藏性能好portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">但是果实失水率达portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">-portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">时会出现浮皮病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因此portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏中一定注意保湿portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柑橘和甜橙均为非跃变型果实portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">呼吸强度较低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">对portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">敏感portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">常会引起果蒂干枯portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">参考贮藏条件portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①温度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">橘类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如温州蜜柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">砂糖橘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)4~5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">广东蕉柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">8~9portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">桠柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">红橘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)10-120portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">甜橙portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5~7portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②气体成分portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">氧气portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">10%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0~4%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">③相对湿度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">橘类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">83%~87%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">甜橙portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%~90%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏场所选择portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">目前柑橘和橙子多数采用简易贮藏场所进行贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如地窖portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通风库portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">山洞等portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">但是贮藏至翌年portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">月初以后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">由于气温的急剧升高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果实腐烂率明显上升portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">品质劣变加快portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">明显制约了贮藏期的进一步延长portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">除了应在适宜地区科学建造和合理使用简易贮藏场所外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">对栽培规模较大的甜橙基地portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柠檬基地portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应逐步发展冷藏库贮藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以满足较长时间贮藏和出口的需要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏中易出现的主要问题portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柑橘贮藏过程中主要是防止青绿霉病引起的腐烂和失水引起的枯水浮皮portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">减免青绿霉病的主要途径除了进行良好的田间管理防治病虫害外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分级portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包装portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">运输等过程中应力求避免果实的机械伤portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因为青绿霉病原菌主要是通过伤口侵portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">其次portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">对果实进行必要的防腐处理也是目前生产中常用的方法portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">使用的防腐剂应符合有关卫生标准portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采用机械冷藏库贮藏柑橘或甜橙时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如果采用裸果纸箱包装portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必须通过加湿的方式控制相对湿度在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%~90%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采用通风库贮藏时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">由于库内相对湿度通常较低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应采取单果包装的方式portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可有效避免失水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采用地窖贮藏时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">多数地窖相对湿度可达到portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%~95%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可以单果包装也可以裸放portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可视窖内湿度而定portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应用比较表明portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">微膜袋portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">.portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">015 mm)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">单果包装控制果实失重的效果最好portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失重率仅为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">左右portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">田间管理差portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">操作粗放portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏场所温度偏高时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必须采用单果包装的方式portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">微膜既可以保湿portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">又可隔离果实病害之间的相互传染portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也有减轻柑橘褐斑病的作用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">贮藏中主要管理注意事项portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①贮藏场所要进行消毒portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特别是使用多年且有腐烂果实沾染的贮藏场所portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒工作绝不能忽视和省略portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②地窖贮藏量较大时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果实portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">窖或者检查出货时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必须用点燃火苗等方式试探窖内portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">浓度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">防止发生人员窒息意外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">③包装之前的预贮处理十分重要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可以防止温州蜜柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">红橘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">碰柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">南丰蜜橘等宽皮橘类的浮皮病和甜橙的干疤病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">理想的预贮条件是portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">温度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">7portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">相对湿度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">75%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通常柑橘预贮portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2~5 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">宽皮橘类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3~5 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失水率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3%~4%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">橙类portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2-3 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失水率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">④防腐剂的作用是抑制和杀灭病原菌portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">目前我国允许用于柑橘采后防腐处理杀菌剂的有效成分是噻苯咪唑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">商品名叫特克多portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">⑤目前不少砂糖橘采用带枝叶采收和贮运portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">这种方式容易引起果实机械伤portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">应提倡和采取不带枝叶的贮运和销售模式portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
