portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">化学灼伤事故的预防
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（1）最重要的是保护好眼睛！在化学实验室里应该一直配戴护目镜（平光玻璃或有机玻璃眼镜），防止眼睛受刺激性气体薰染，防止任何化学药品特别是强酸、强碱、玻璃屑等异物进入眼内。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（2）禁止用手直接取用任何化学药品，使用毒品时除用药匙、量器外必须配戴橡皮手套，实验后马上清洗仪器用具，立即用肥皂洗手。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（3）尽量避免吸入任何药品和溶剂蒸气。处理具有刺激性的、恶臭的和有毒的化学药品时，如portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">Hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 9px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">S、NOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 9px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">、Clportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 9px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">、Brportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 9px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">、CO、SOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 9px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">、SOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 9px;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">、HCl、HFportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">、浓硝酸、发烟硫酸、浓盐酸、乙酰氯等，必须在通风橱中进行。通风橱开启后，不要把头伸入橱内，并保持实验室通风良好。
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（4）严禁在酸性介质中使用氰化物。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（5）禁止口吸吸管移取浓酸、浓碱、有毒液体，应该用洗耳球吸取。禁止冒险品尝药品试剂，不得用鼻子直接嗅气体，而是用手向鼻孔扇入少量气体。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（6）不要用乙醇等有机溶剂擦洗溅在皮肤上的药品，这种做法反而增加皮肤对药品的吸收速度。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（7）实验室里禁止吸烟进食，禁止赤膊穿拖鞋。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">化学灼伤的急救
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（1）眼睛灼伤或掉进异物一旦眼内溅入任何化学药品，立即用大量水缓缓彻底冲洗。实验室内应备有专用洗眼水龙头。洗眼时要保持眼皮张开，可由他人帮助翻开眼睑，持续冲洗15分钟。忌用稀酸中和溅入眼内的碱性物质，反之亦然。对因溅入碱金属、溴、磷、浓酸、浓碱或其它刺激性物质的眼睛灼伤者，急救后必须迅速送往医院检查治疗。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（2）玻璃屑进入眼睛内是比较危险的。这时要尽量保持平静，绝不可用手揉擦，也不要试图让别人取出碎屑，尽量不要转动眼球，可任其流泪，有时碎屑会随泪水流出。用纱布轻轻包住眼睛后，将伤者急送医院处理。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">若系木屑、尘粒等异物，可由他人翻开眼睑，用消毒棉签轻轻取出异物，或任其流泪，待异物排出后，再滴入几滴鱼肝油。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（3）皮肤灼伤
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">①酸灼伤先用大量水冲洗，以免深度受伤，再用稀portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px;">NaHCOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">溶液或稀氨水浸洗，最后用水洗。
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">氢氟酸能腐烂指甲、骨头，滴在皮肤上，会形成痛苦的、难以治愈的烧伤。皮肤若被灼烧后，应先用大量水冲洗20分钟以上，再用冰冷的饱和硫酸镁溶液或70%酒精浸洗30分钟以上；或用大量水冲洗后，用肥皂水或2%～5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">NaHCOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 12px;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">溶液冲洗，用5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">NaHCOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 12px;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">溶液湿敷。局部外用可的松软膏或紫草油软膏及硫酸镁糊剂。
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">②碱灼伤先用大量水冲洗，再用1%硼酸或2%HAc溶液浸洗，最后用水洗。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">③溴灼伤这是很危险的。被溴灼伤后的伤口一般不易愈合，必须严加防范。凡用溴时都必须预先配制好适量的20%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">Naportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">Sportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">Oportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">溶液备用。一旦有溴沾到皮肤上，立即用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">Naportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">Sportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px;">Oportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 11px;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">溶液冲洗，再用大量水冲洗干净，包上消毒纱布后就医。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">在受上述灼伤后，若创面起水泡，均不宜把水泡挑破。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">（4）烫伤、割伤等外伤
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">在烧熔和加工玻璃物品时最容易被烫伤；在切割玻管或向木塞、橡皮塞中插入温度计、玻管等物品时最容易发生割伤。玻璃质脆易碎，对任何玻璃制品都不得用力挤压或造成张力。在将玻管、温度计插入塞中时，塞上的孔径与玻管的粗细要吻合。玻管的锋利切口必须在火中烧圆，管壁上用几滴水或甘油润湿后，用布包住用力部位轻轻旋入，切不可用猛力强行连接。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">外伤急救方法如下：
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">①割伤先取出伤口处的玻璃碎屑等异物，用水洗净伤口，挤出一点血，涂上红汞药水后用消毒纱布包扎。也可在洗净的伤口上贴上“创口贴”，可立即止血，且易愈合。若严重割伤大量出血时，应先止血，让伤者平卧，抬高出血部位，压住附近动脉，或用绷带盖住伤口直接施压，若绷带被血浸透，不要换掉，再盖上一块施压，立即送医院治疗。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif;">②烫伤一旦被火焰、蒸气、红热的玻璃、铁器等烫伤时，立即将伤处用大量水冲淋或浸泡，以迅速降温避免温度烧伤。若起水泡不宜挑破，用纱布包扎后送医院治疗。对轻微烫伤，可在伤处涂些鱼肝油或烫伤油膏或万花油后包扎。
