近日，华中农业大学植物科学技术学院农业生态研究团队发表综述，讲述了中国稻虾模式的发展故事，全面分析了稻虾模式的环境生态效应、经济效应和社会效应，提出了中国稻虾模式可持续发展的原理与技术策略。研究成果以“Crayfish–rice integrated system of production：An agriculture success story in China. A review”为题发表在Agronomy for Sustainable Development上。
图1 中国稻虾模式的面积分布
中国农业正在寻求可持续的增产以解决粮食问题。传统的“高投入、高污染”的农业生产模式给资源和环境带来了巨大的负担。目前，中国正在推动农业生产方式向资源节约和绿色发展方向转变，近年来，稻虾综合种养模式因其显著的经济效益在我国得到了迅速发展。本文中，我们利用统计数据、文献综述，结合本团队多年长期定位试验研究结果，回顾了稻虾综合种养模式在中国的起源和发展，并将中国稻虾综合种养模式与世界其他地区的类似农业模型进行了比较，全面综述分析了稻虾综合种养模式在生态、经济、社会方面的效应，以便对其进行客观评价，并得出了三个主要结论。首先，尽管最初引进的小龙虾来自美国，但稻虾综合种养模式在中国的快速发展使中国迅速成为世界上最大的小龙虾生产国，中国的小龙虾产量占世界产量的90%以上，成为小龙虾加工和餐饮行业的领导者。其次，中国特有的稻虾种养模式促进了水稻种植向优质、绿色生产体系的转型。最后，稻虾综合种养模式对稻田系统的土壤质量、水分和养分循环、害虫限制和生物多样性发展产生了积极影响。稻虾综合种养模式成为中国农业生产绿色转型的一个成功案例。基于以上分析，本文提出了稻虾综合种养模式可持续发展的生态原理和技术策略，这些结果也可为世界范围内其他种养系统的绿色可持续发展提供参考。
图2 稻虾模式可持续发展原理与技术策略
农业生态研究团队经过20多年稻田综合种养模式的研究，提出了稻田综合种养绿色发展的理论体系，构建了“双水双绿”稻虾、稻鸭综合种养模式，出版了《湖北省“双水双绿”产业发展战略研究》专著，发表相关研究论文34篇。
植物科学技术学院农业生态团队江洋副教授为论文第1作者，曹凑贵教授为通讯作者。上述研究获得国家重点研发计划项目和国家自然科学基金等项目的共同资助。
【英文摘要】
Chinese agriculture is seeking a sustainable production increase in order to solve the food problem for its population. The traditional “high input, high pollution” agricultural production mode has led to a large burden on resources and on the environment. At present, China is promoting the transformation of its agricultural production modes in the direction of resource conservation and green development. In recent years, the crayfish-rice integrated system of production （CRISP） has been developed intensively in China due to its important economic benefits. evaluating this new agricultural model comprehensively and guiding the related green sustainable development are urgent issues. Here we used statistical data and literature to review the origin and development of CRISP in China and to compare the Chinese CRISP with similar models in other parts of the world. We reviewed studies on the ecological and social effects of CRISP for its objective evaluation and drew three main findings. First, although the crayfish initially introduced were sourced from the United States, the extensive application of CRISP led China to rapidly become the largest crayfish producer worldwide — accounting for over 90% of the crayfish production — and a leader in crayfish processing and catering industries. Second, the specific Chinese CRISP culture model promotes a green transformation towards a high-quality rice production system. Finally, CRISP affected positively soil quality, water and nutrient recycling, pest limitation and biodiversity development in the paddy field system. CRISP reveals a good example of effective application of green revolution in China's agricultural production. We analyse for the first time the specific ecological foundation and management model for the sustainable development of CRISP. These observations provide reference for the development of other agriculture–livestock integrated systems worldwide.
论文链接：https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13593-021-00724-w.pdf
日期：2021-10-13
